Book value per share excluding the fair value adjustment for investments is calculated by dividing total shareholders’ equity excluding after tax net unrealized investment gains and losses on securities, including the related effect on certain deferred policy acquisition costs, by ending shares outstanding.

Core earnings (loss) is consolidated net income (loss) excluding the after-tax impact of net investment gains (losses), discontinued operations, goodwill impairment charges, the effect of a change in tax laws and tax rates at enactment date, and cumulative effect of changes in accounting principles when applicable.

Investment yield, excluding limited partnership interests, is calculated by annualizing the result of year-to-date net investment income (adjusted to exclude net investment income from limited partnership interests for the corresponding period) divided by the average quarter-end and beginning of quarter carrying amount of invested assets.

Sales are measured by the company as premiums and deposits to be collected over the 12 months following the sale of a new policy for automobile, homeowners, supplemental business and life business, as well as increases in contributions to certain life business.